Ratan Naval Tata (1937 – 2024) was an Indian industrialist, philanthropist, and former chairman of Tata Sons and the Tata Group. He led the group from 1991 to 2012, and again as interim chairman from 2016 to 2017. Known for transforming the Tata Group into a global conglomerate and for his significant philanthropic endeavors, he was awarded the Padma Vibhushan and Padma Bhushan, two of India's highest civilian honors. Early Life and Education: Born on December 28, 1937, in Bombay (now Mumbai). Son of Naval Tata and Soonoo Commissariat, he was raised by his grandmother, Lady Navajbai Tata, after his parents separated. Attended Cathedral and John Connon School in Mumbai, and later studied at Cornell University, earning a degree in architecture and structural engineering. Completed the Advanced Management Program at Harvard Business School in 1975. Career: Joined the Tata Group in 1961, working initially on the shop floor of Tata Steel. Held various positions within the group before becoming chairman of Tata Sons in 1991, succeeding J.R.D. Tata. Oversaw the expansion of the Tata Group into a global conglomerate through strategic acquisitions like Tetley, Jaguar Land Rover, and Corus. Focused on innovation, ethical business practices, and employee welfare. Headed the group's charitable trusts even after stepping down as chairman. Key Achievements and Legacy: Championed the development of the Tata Nano, the world's cheapest car, to make car ownership accessible to more Indians. Led the transformation of Tata Motors into a global automotive player through the acquisition of Jaguar Land Rover. Expanded the Tata Group's reach into various sectors, including steel, software, and telecommunications. Known for his philanthropic efforts, particularly through the Tata Trusts, which focus on areas like healthcare, education, and rural livelihoods. Received the Padma Vibhushan in 2008 and the Padma Bhushan in 2000 for his contributions to Indian industry and society.