Shah Jahan, born Prince Khurram in 1592, was the fifth Mughal emperor of India, reigning from 1628 to 1658. He is renowned for his architectural achievements, particularly the Taj Mahal, and for expanding the Mughal Empire. Early Life and Rise to Power: Born in Lahore, he was the third son of Emperor Jahangir and his wife, Jagat Gosain. Initially named Khurram, meaning "joyful," by his grandfather, Emperor Akbar, with whom he shared a close relationship. Demonstrated military prowess early in life, leading successful campaigns against Mewar, the Lodi, and Kangra. In 1622, he rebelled against his father, Jahangir, due to perceived threats to his succession, but was reconciled in 1626. Ascended to the throne in 1628, after Jahangir's death, taking the name Shah Jahan. Reign and Achievements: Expanded the Mughal Empire through military campaigns in the Deccan region and Northwest India, including the annexation of Ahmadnagar and making other Deccan states tributaries. Known for his ambitious building projects, including the Taj Mahal, a mausoleum for his wife Mumtaz Mahal. Other notable constructions include the Red Fort in Delhi, the Jama Masjid in Delhi, and the Wazir Khan Mosque and Moti Masjid in Lahore. Established the city of Shahjahanabad (Old Delhi). His reign is often considered the peak of Mughal architecture and a golden age for the empire. Later Life and Death: In 1657, Shah Jahan fell ill, triggering a war of succession among his four sons. Aurangzeb, his third son, emerged victorious and imprisoned Shah Jahan in the Agra Fort. Shah Jahan remained under house arrest until his death on January 22, 1666. He was buried next to Mumtaz Mahal in the Taj Mahal.