Albert Einstein (1879-1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist who is widely regarded as one of the most influential scientists of the 20th century. He is best known for developing the theory of relativity, which revolutionized our understanding of space, time, gravity, and the universe. He also made significant contributions to quantum mechanics and is famous for his mass-energy equivalence formula, E=mc². Early Life and Education: Born in Ulm, Germany, on March 14, 1879. His family moved to Munich shortly after his birth. Faced challenges with speech as a child, but excelled in math and science. Attended a Catholic elementary school and then the Luitpold Gymnasium in Munich. Moved to Italy with his family and later studied at the Swiss Federal Polytechnic in Zurich. Graduated with a degree in physics and mathematics in 1900. Career and Scientific Achievements: Worked at the Swiss Patent Office in Bern as a technical assistant. During this time, he developed his groundbreaking theories. Published his "miracle year" papers in 1905, including his theory of special relativity and the photoelectric effect. Developed the theory of general relativity, which explained gravity as a curvature of spacetime. Received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for his work on the photoelectric effect. Held professorships at various universities, including Zurich, Prague, and Berlin. Immigrated to the United States in 1933 to escape the rise of the Nazi regime. Became a professor at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey. Legacy: Einstein's theories have had a profound impact on physics and our understanding of the universe. His work laid the foundation for much of modern physics, including cosmology and particle physics. His famous equation, E=mc², is one of the most well-known scientific formulas in the world. He was also a vocal advocate for peace, social justice, and human rights. Albert Einstein died on April 18, 1955, in Princeton, New Jersey.